HISTORY OF THE SPANISH CONQUEST OF YUCATAN AND OF THE ITZAS

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Page 1: That branch of the Mayas who called themselves the Itzas a...
Page 3: The first seven of these periods we shall discuss briefly ...
Page 5: I. Migratory Period (?-200 A.D.). The two earliest dated M...
Page 7: Because the country was devoid of any great natural elevat...
Page 9: Spinden, 1913, Table 2; Brinton, 1882, Chr. I.) According ...
Page 11: Briefly, the presence of a modified form of the "manikin s...
Page 13: The political features of the League of Mayapan are diffic...
Page 15: It was but natural that those of the Itza _batabs_ who sti...
Page 17: 1 ACALAN (Bahia de Terminos) 2 TIXCHEL (Telchac) 3 KIN PEC...
Page 19: In some writings which those who first learned how to writ...
Page 21: Difficulty arises now, for some came from some regions and...
Page 23: When Yucathan was left entirely without a Supreme Lord, th...
Page 25: In ancient times, the nobles of Mayapan were wont to serve...
Page 27: All was set forth in words by means of the Ministers befor...
Page 29: Also they used as money grains of cacao, and of these they...
Page 31: The babblers are apt to be graceful at mottoes and in the ...
Page 33: There are many Indians in their villages, beside those who...
Page 35: For Sundays and Feast-days when they go to Mass, and when ...
Page 37: The dates of the Itza dominance over the region around Tay...
Page 39: Perhaps the most important piece of evidence is that given...
Page 41: If it is true that it surrounds the above thirty _Petens_,...
Page 43: Of this same workmanship is the hall[2.4] which the King o...
Page 45: This kingdom came to him by inheritance, and so their King...
Page 47: Indeed Villagutierre (p. 460) leaves us in no doubt as to ...
Page 49: In the said southerly direction running towards the East, ...
Page 51: And this hideousness many women also show in their ear lob...
Page 53: Although Fernando Cortes was the first Spaniard to penetra...
Page 55: The avowed purpose of the expedition was to capture slaves...
Page 57: The reader is urged to study Plate VI in order to learn th...
Page 59: No arguments in the least changed his decision. He assembl...
Page 61: One was like a barbican, having towers and loopholes for t...
Page 63: Placing their hands upon the ground, and kissing the earth...
Page 65: With these affectionate speeches, and seeing that no harm ...
Page 67: As always, he sent camp-scouts ahead on horseback and sing...
Page 69: Don Fernando Cortes, with twelve crossbowmen, followed thi...
Page 71: And on the following day Canek came to the camp with thirt...
Page 73: The Padres said the same and added that as soon as possibl...
Page 75: Cortes Goes to Tayasal with Canek. "Don Fernando Cortes th...
Page 77: Cortes Takes Leave of Canek, Leaving Morzillo. "But things...
Page 79: So that that wretched little ruler, Lord of the Itzas or C...
Page 81: The rest of the account of Cogolludo is the same as that o...
Page 83: Therefore we may safely believe that in quoting the accoun...
Page 85: Two men, Don Francisco de Montejo the Elder and Don Franci...
Page 87: Montejo and his Men Go along the Shore of Yucatan. Skirtin...
Page 89: Since the Indians were as stubborn as they were brave, and...
Page 91: From the map which Montejo had with him it was learned tha...
Page 93: Their condition daily grew worse. Davila and his men wande...
Page 95: If Davila and his men were badly off in Villa Real, Montej...
Page 97: One day, when Montejo was off his guard, Cupul went up beh...
Page 99: At about this time two ships from Cuba brought news of the...
Page 101: Cogolludo, lib. ii, cap. 12.) At that time, 1534-1535, Ant...
Page 103: The task was completed by 1537. In all his undertakings Mo...
Page 105: At about this time the chief command and the powers laid u...
Page 107: In this province you will endeavor to meet a Lord called V...
Page 109: And having done all this, you will labor to see to it that...
Page 111: Having reached Tihoo, the Spaniards established their camp...
Page 113: In the end, according to Cogolludo (p. 137), no less than ...
Page 115: The new site was the _pueblo_ of Zaqui, where the present ...
Page 117: As we shall very shortly see, their coming inaugurated a n...
Page 119: It is now many years that the Barbarous Itzaex,[5.1] more ...
Page 121: As nothing was to be lost thereby the Governor believed th...
Page 123: But he pressed for permission to make use of it in order t...
Page 125: Beginning with a review of the pre-conquest history of the...
Page 127: It was determined that they should set forth on that Holy ...
Page 129: The Citizens of Merida joined the Bishop in his joy and al...
Page 131: But nevertheless, and confiding only in God, they continue...
Page 133: But the Noble Zeal of that Honorable Creole, Alcalde Carri...
Page 135: And so it is sufficient to say that in three days, (after ...
Page 137: And when they had said their Orisons, the Indians quartere...
Page 139: He was very much the Servitor of the Padres and a great Si...
Page 141: And with this good Reply, farewells were said by Don Franc...
Page 143: As soon as they arrived, the two Captains saluted the Reli...
Page 145: The River having been crossed, they journeyed some eight o...
Page 147: Padre Fuensalida insisted and persisted that what he had f...
Page 149: The reason for this suggested by Villagutierre seems plaus...
Page 151: With this good provision they embarked, all feeling very c...
Page 153: The House of Canek was some forty paces from the Lake and ...
Page 155: So that the other Indians, seeing their Lord calm, became ...
Page 157: In this way several days passed, and the Religious, percei...
Page 159: CHAPTER VI THE ENTRADA OF PADRE FRAY DIEGO DELGADO AND THE...
Page 161: And when his intention was known there, several Indians of...
Page 163: He appointed a Cacique and gave Authority to Alcaldes, Reg...
Page 165: There follows a passage relating to the agreement made bet...
Page 167: And at that time, failing in wisdom and lacking proper con...
Page 169: All of which gave cause to the unfortunate events which I ...
Page 171: There is but little doubt what the feelings of the Infidel...
Page 173: But all this was pretence and evil deceitfulness and perfi...
Page 175: The latter straightway entered a complaint against Fray Di...
Page 177: Eventually an Indian captain named Don Fernando Camal capt...
Page 179: Now, however, we are to consider, first, the early history...
Page 181: The word _ahpo_, like the Quichua word _apu_, which it res...
Page 183: At length they came upon some Choles, whom they formed int...
Page 185: After several interesting adventures, told by Villagutierr...
Page 187: We have already noticed how, as early as 1533, the King ha...
Page 189: The Inception of the Plan to Subdue the Itzas, 1689. In 16...
Page 191: At the time Ursua was in Mexico, at the court of the Vicer...
Page 193: He then commanded that care should be taken to choose the ...
Page 195: Provisions were made whereby men who voluntarily gave aid ...
Page 197: The Voluntary Contributions. Toward the end of 1694 the do...
Page 199: Don Juan de Galvez, 20 horses. Don Estevan de Medrano, fou...
Page 201: President Barrios Decides to Join the Entrada in Person. V...
Page 203: Amezquita, then, was Captain General of the entrada, takin...
Page 205: In Huehuetenango the President, the monks, the officers, a...
Page 207: Francisco Gonzalez Richardo was appointed subchief, second...
Page 209: The Route Followed by Cano. "The President [Barrios] ... f...
Page 211: This had good results at that time in the case of some adu...
Page 213: In this way we had some means of prosecuting our journey t...
Page 215: These two Indians uniformly said that the Ahizaes had take...
Page 217: Explanations of their Withdrawal Sent to Guatemala. At thi...
Page 219: The entrada from Guatemala came to a close to the accompan...
Page 221: The outcome of the events described in this chapter result...
Page 223: I, Fray Andres de Avendano y Loyola, ... accompanied by my...
Page 225: Among those who joined in this mission were the Padre Prea...
Page 227: 8.2] Indian Singers. "On my showing the above mandate to t...
Page 229: Departure from Cauich. "We started from this pueblo of Cau...
Page 231: At the side of the said columns is found a well, narrow an...
Page 233: In this place we experienced comfort enough, since God had...
Page 235: The odor reaches a distance of a quarter of a league." Har...
Page 237: At more than half a league off is found the _aguada_ from ...
Page 239: Two leagues on from this place, a part of the army of Span...
Page 241: So it happened, God giving us sufficient water from night ...
Page 243: Parades Seizes Some Farms. "Seeing then such a clear and e...
Page 245: Of these Indians who gave themselves up, two were left as ...
Page 247: The last thing which I placed before him was the large num...
Page 249: And when he reached there, I reminded him of the said prom...
Page 251: It is to be understood that in the rainy season it is full...
Page 253: At this time the Indian road openers went on with their wo...
Page 255: The remainder of our men fled and our opponents, laughing,...
Page 257: I accepted this proposal for the future, carrying out his ...
Page 259: But we did not consent to this; I was taking great pleasur...
Page 261: The Padres Determine to Get to the Itzas Some Other Way. "...
Page 263: At this time we arrived on our return, with hard work enou...
Page 265: The Orders of the Governor. One thing is particularly stri...
Page 267: The Same Route Followed as Before; Batcab is Reached. "We ...
Page 269: At half a league beyond this we came across a little cryst...
Page 271: The Hardships of the Journey. "Two leagues from this ravin...
Page 273: We found ourselves in the midst of this anguish when of a ...
Page 275: Having come then to this pond of Tan xuluc mul an hour bef...
Page 277: All these sorrows and sufferings were signs of the pleasur...
Page 279: But as we wished to sow in their hardened hearts the pure ...
Page 281: They approached me to get what I had remaining in some ham...
Page 283: In one of them I saw an Indian, the oldest one I had seen ...
Page 285: They hurried us on board with great speed and with very ru...
Page 287: Suddenly the said King placed his hand over my heart to se...
Page 289: When in the same way the said King asked me if I was hungr...
Page 291: In the small part which is fortunately preserved, and the ...
Page 293: Then, leaving off reading the letter, ... I explained the ...
Page 295: The King was present at all this, since he never left us b...
Page 297: Having breakfasted this first day on warm _posole_, we beg...
Page 299: I stopped baptizing until I could catechize them in the my...
Page 301: Looking at them naturally inspired horror. I did my best t...
Page 303: These ages are thirteen in number; each age has its separa...
Page 305: At the end of which time they expected me, in order to car...
Page 307: And I do not know (notwithstanding the great arrogance you...
Page 309: Friendliness of Canek. "Because from the time that I had c...
Page 311: I, who was paying attention to everything, seeing that all...
Page 313: This among the Spaniards is a sign of command and rule.......
Page 315: that may be needed by you, in barter for hatchets, _machet...
Page 317: These men I did not fail to put to shame in Peten, before ...
Page 319: And scarcely had I drank it, when they told me that they h...
Page 321: The said Chakanytzaes Indians came painted red and ready f...
Page 323: For, if the story that I sent them was...
Page 325: But they found it all in vain, thanks be given to God, who...
Page 327: They guided us through some very large plains or meadows, ...
Page 329: I heard that the said Indians asked for ministers of the g...
Page 331: Then they all gathered together around us, and without any...
Page 333: Notwithstanding this, we took some pleasure at having foun...
Page 335: In those fifteen days that we traveled in a northwesterly ...
Page 337: We passed through these as well as we could, having in min...
Page 339: We offered to God the trouble we had passed and even with ...
Page 341: At the end of the said three days in which we passed throu...
Page 343: Then remembering that there was no bird nor animal among t...
Page 345: A wonderful event which I relate for the greater confusion...
Page 347: companions, either that hunger and want were lasting a lon...
Page 349: The departure of the Padres, my companions, and my beginni...
Page 351: These same plants served us for food, by eating the stems ...
Page 353: In about an eighth of a mile we came to the descent from t...
Page 355: We traveled through these woods when we came upon a dry ri...
Page 357: A Sign from our Lady of the Apparition. "The affliction wh...
Page 359: The Indians wished to follow it towards the East, in case ...
Page 361: With this determination of mine, they obeyed me, cutting o...
Page 363: I was not able to stir, but with a little stick which was ...
Page 365: They revived the fire which was there, and warming up six ...
Page 367: At which they warmed the cloaks again, and rubbing my hand...
Page 369: Avendano found it difficult to credit this news for severa...
Page 371: He remained there until December of that same year, when h...
Page 373: On arriving at the shores of the lake he learned the fate ...
Page 375: Thereafter, if circumstances permitted, he was to go as so...
Page 377: His division of the expedition, of which Fray Agustin Cano...
Page 379: He made especially elaborate and adequate preparations, do...
Page 381: In the trial of one Pablo Gil of Salamanca, who at this ti...
Page 383: Don Roque de Soberanis y Centeno was ordered to give all p...
Page 385: Don Roque approved of everything that Don Martin proposed,...
Page 387: At the end of February and in early March the two leagues ...
Page 389: The Hostilities Begin. Finally the day arrived on which, a...
Page 391: All who could had fled into and across the lake rather tha...
Page 393: I do not deny that I have failed to avoid such inconsisten...
Page 395: written by Dr. Berendt at Sacluk in 1866-1867. The origina...
Page 397: Yucatan: huyub] majaz, fiber....? xemech, an earthenware p...
Page 399: Yucatan: ya in tzem] tacte, a pine tree. [Yucatan: tahte] ...
Page 401: Yucatan: manaan ja, minan ja] xturuhui, yellow (or jaundic...
Page 403: zuzich, to cut off the grains from a cooked ear of corn; a...
Page 405: Yab ten ya ti paczikal I have a stomach-ache Bax cu tazic ...
Page 407: Valentini (1898, 1902) refers to this map as being dated e...
Page 409: 1508 PTOLEMY, ED. RUYSCH, ROME (Nord. XXXII).[A3.1] Americ...
Page 411: L. S.). Yucatan a peninsula. Isthmus is roughly drawn and ...
Page 413: Yucatan not named, but indicated as a part of Cuba, which ...
Page 415: Has Yucatan as a peninsula. 1554 GASTALDI, MAPPAMUNDI, VEN...
Page 417: Shows Yucatan as a peninsula; calls Merida Atalaria, Cozum...
Page 419: Tabasco appears in the middle of the isthmus. 1608 MATTHIA...
Page 421: The Zoques given. 1671 ARNOLDUS MONTANUS, AMSTERDAM. A sha...
Page 423: Has "Jucatan" and Campeche, but not much else. 1739 PIERRE...
Page 425: 1746 PLANO DEL RIO HONDO QUE SE COMUNICA CON LA LAGUNA DE ...
Page 427: Lib.). Much like Bellin, 1764. 1785 GUTHRIE, LONDON. Lake ...
Page 429: Yucatan does not appear on any map prior to 1523-1525. Fro...
Page 431: It is not impossible, of course, that he was also acquaint...
Page 433: June 12-13 SUCTE, SAN SALVADOR DE. Six to eight leagues fr...
Page 435: 6, 1696 CHUNTUCI OR CHUNTUQUI. Is on Bianconi-Mexico, Cost...
Page 437: NOHTHUB. Two leagues from Nohpek. BACECHAC OR CONCEPCION. ...
Page 439: Maudslay. _Hakluyt Society_. London. 5 vols. BOWDITCH, Cha...
Page 441: CERVANTES DE SALAZAR, Francisco 1914 Chronica de la Nueva ...
Page 443: Mexico. 2 vols. GOODMAN, J. T. 1897 The Archaic Maya Inscr...
Page 445: Valladolid, 1633. (Reprint by Museo Nacional, 1893, Mexico...
Page 447: Inter. Cong. of Americanists_, pp. 236-252. Washington. ME...
Page 449: No date. Pamphlet in University of Pennsylvania Library. S...
Page 451: 1841 Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Y...
Page 453: New York. 1911 Preliminary Study of the Ruins of Tikal, Gu...
Page 455: Avendano's Map of Lake Peten, circa 1697 Plate IB. Avendan...
Page 457: Bowditch's computation and that of Mr. Morley rests solely...
Page 459: Footnote 5: This name, Cocom, will be brought to our atten...
Page 461: One child of the last King of Mayapan, however, was absent...
Page 463: It is likewise entirely possible to believe that from him ...
Page 465: Dr. Roger Merriman of Harvard was so kind as to put at my ...
Page 467: In 1618 Padre Orbita, infuriated by this idol and the wors...
Page 469: Footnote 4.5: Antonio de Mendoza, Conde de Tendilla, born ...
Page 471: See Wilkinson Sale Catalog, 1914, number 193.] [Footnote 5...
Page 473: Lizana, 1633, pt. ii, chap. i; Brasseur de Bourbourg, 1858...
Page 475: Chapter IX [Footnote 9.1: The text of the cedula in questi...
Page 477: 12-Feb. 1 was Yaax July 11-July 17 was Vayeab Feb. 1-Feb. ...
Page 479: They counted their eras and ages which they put in their b...
Page 481: Footnote 9.8: A gloss reads "varias cosas que tratamos."] ...
Page 483: His full name was Don Martin Can, and he was a native of P...
Page 485: are set down, and taking into consideration the informal n...